Title: Trans Kids on the Margin, and Harms From Misleading Training Data
-Date: 2021-01-01
+Date: 2021-08-01
Category: commentary
Tags: two-type taxonomy, natalism
Status: draft
> If you love someone, tell them the truth.
>
> —Anonymous
+
+### Introduction
+
+
+### Sex, Sex Differences, Sex Roles, and the Cognitive Function of Categorization
+
+
+
+### Two Possible Views on the Etiology of Gender Dysphoria in Children
+
+
+### A "Clever Hans" Etiology?
+
+
+#### Interlude: So what?
+
+It's possible for someone to broadly _agree_ with much of the theory above as to the _etiology_ of a child's self-reports, while still endorsing social transition. "Sure," says the adherent of this view, "I agree that if [new name] had been raised in the culture of ten years earlier, she would still be [deadname]. But that's social progress—it's _better_ that children be able to choose their gender for reasons _less extreme_ than classical EOGD—or any reason at all, even a whim. And _of course_ that [freedom will result in more trans kids than in the old culture.](/2017/Dec/lesser-known-demand-curves/) Why are you being so cisnormative?"
+
+In the sections that follow, I will attempt to explain why I think some degree of cisnormativity is advisable.
+
+### Harms from Illegible Miscategorization
+
+
+
+### Evidence from Cloacal Exstrophy and Ablatio Penis Cases
+
+> _If you need to mail a baby but you're worried it'll die
+> Start a search and learn from others who have given it a try_
+>
+> —AVByte, ["Google Is Your Friend"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftQ6A3DKKeg)
+
+
+
+### Switching Costs Are Not Obviously Trivial
+
+
+
+### On the Scope and Extent of Biodeterminism
+
+
+### Benediction
Munson, B., *Crocker, L., Pierrehumbert, J., Owen-Anderson, A., & Zucker, K. (2015). Gender Typicality in Children's Speech: A comparison of the Speech of Boys with and without Gender Identity Disorder. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.
+Blakemore, J. E. O., LaRue, A. A., & Olejnik, A. B. (1979). Sex-appropriate toy preference and the ability to conceptualize toys as sex-role related. Developmental Psychology, 15, 339–340
+
+Perry, D. G., White, A. J., & Perry, L. C. (1984). Does early sex typing result from children's attempts to match their behavior to sex role stereotypes? Child Development, 55, 2114–2121
+
+Wu, T., Mendola, P., & Buck, G. M. (2002). Ethnic differences in the presence of secondary sex characteristics and menarche among US girls: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Pediatrics, 110, 752–757.
+
+physiology can't account for throwing differences
+Clark, J. E. & Phillips, S. J. (1987). An examination of the contributions of selected anthropometric factors to gender differences in motor skill development. In J. E. Clark & J. H. Humphrey (Eds.), Advances in motor development research (Vol. 1, pp. 171–178). New York: AMS Press.
+
+motor differences!! (compare to Kay Brown's cites, which I recall not impressing me?)
+Johnson, K. L. & Tassinary, L. G. (2005). Perceiving sex directly and indirectly: Meaning in motion and morphology. Psychological Science, 16, 890–897
+Hayes, S. C. & et al. (1981). The development of the display and knowledge of sex related motor behavior in children.
+Child Behavior Therapy, 3, 1–24.
+
+Gleason, J. B. & Ely, R. (2002). Gender differences in language development. In A. McGillicuddy-De Lisi & R. De Lisi (Eds.), Biology, society, and behavior: The development of sex differences in cognition (Vol. 21, pp. 127–154). Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing.
+
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notes from The Pre-School Activities Inventory: A Standardized Assessment of Gender Role in Children by Golombok and Rust
> Although there is some debate about whether this relatively rare condition should be considered a disorder at all (Bartlett, Vasey, & Bukowski, 2000), there are certainly some children who, from a very young age, show discomfort with their gender category.
citation goes to Bartlett, N. H., Vasey, P. L., & Bukowski, W. M. (2000). Is gender identity disorder in children a mental disorder? Sex Roles, 43, 753–785.
+p. 14
+> sometimes even before they know that the toys are gender stereotyped (Aubry, Ruble, & Silverman, 1999; Blakemore et al., 1979; Perry et al., 1984)
+
+p. 39
+> So, is a person without a penis always a girl? It turns out that there are some boys who do not have a penis.
+
+Because this book was written in 2009, I assume they mean David Reimer-like cases
+
+p. 47: estrogen doesn't really play a role in sex differenitation; both sexes of fetus get exposed to a bunch of it
+
+Typical T levels for men: 265-800 ng/dL, women: 10-40
+
+SRY was discovered when discovered in an XX male
+
+CAH occurs is autosomal and occurs in both males and females, but the reason we only talk about CAH girls is that the effects on boys are less noticeable
+
+> CYP21 is on chromosome 6 and encodes an enzyme normally present in the adrenal gland called 21-hydroxylase (21-OH). Individuals with CAH due to 21-OH defi ciency are unable to produce enough cortisol to suppress the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This results in an accumulation of products that normally become cortisol, which in turn results in increased production of androgen from the adrenal gland. This excess androgen has many of the same effects as testosterone produced by the testes in males
+
+There's a gradation in CAH—you can have a little 21-OH, or none at all
+
+5α-reductase of the famous 5α-reductase deficiency is what converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
+
+That's why 5aR virilize at puberty: puberty turns on enough testosterone for them to make a little DHT
+
+> It is about as meaningful to ask "Which is the smarter sex?" or "Which has the better brain?" as it does to ask "Which has the better genitals?" (Halpern, 1997, p. 1092)
+
+p. 69
+> It is almost as though some people seem to feel that differences between males
+and females must be minimized to avoid judging males as superior.
+
+> Throwing speed and throwing distance were found to have a still different pattern, with large sex differences even among preschoolers. For example, d for throwing distance was 1.5 by the age of 2 years, and was just as large for throwing speed by age 4. By adolescence, both throwing speed and distance were at least 3 standard deviations greater in boys
+
+p. 78
+elementary school activity level d=0.64
+
+> Despite the diffi culty in looking for sex differences using tests specifi cally designed not to have them
+
+> even though there are no differences in the structure of the vocal chords in childhood, boys speak with a lower pitch than girls do. This difference is probably related to children's unconscious matching of their voices with gender norms (Gleason & Ely, 2002).
+
+p. 82 The verbal fluency (word-generation) diff favoring ♀ is d > 1!!
+
+p. 82 Shitpost: Women are more valuable under the utilitarian calculus because they have more subjective experience per unit physical time!!
+Block, R. A., Hancock, P. A., & Zakay, D. (2000). Sex differences in duration judgments: A meta-analytic review. Memory and Cognition, 28, 1333–1346.
+
+40% of college women fail the water-level task! (How many men fail?!)
+Liben, L. S. & Golbeck, S. L. (1984). Performance on Piagetian horizontality and verticality tasks: Sex-related differences in knowledge of relevant physical phenomena. Developmental Psychology, 20, 595–606.
+
+p. 95
+> Compared to the girls, the boys sound considerably more aggressive or at least active in defending themselves.
+Not to mention that everyone assumed the dragon was male ...
+
+(I skimmed some of the earlier chapters, but from here on the whole ToC looks super-relevant to my research project)
+
+Table 5.1 claims no meta-analysis is available on rough-and-tumble play!! WTF?! (If it exists, you'd expect these textbook authors to have found it)
+
+p. 108
+> There is a very consistent set of findings that boys engage in more R & T play in virtually every culture in which it has been studied (Boulton, 1996; Braza, Braza, Carreras, & Munoz, 1997; DiPietro, 1981; Finegan, Niccols, Zacher, & Hood, 1991; Hines & Kaufman, 1994; Pellegrini, 1990; Pellegrini & Smith, 1998).
+
+> boys are often drawn to such play styles as soon as they see others doing them, whereas girls are more likely to avoid those activities
+
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